Depression

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, affecting more than 264 million people worldwide.

Common symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt.

Risk factors include genetics, major life changes, trauma, certain medications, and other medical conditions. Chronic stress and substance abuse can also increase the risk.

There are various types of depression, including major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Treatment often involves a combination of medication (such as antidepressants), psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy), lifestyle changes, and sometimes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe cases.